中国海洋卫星及应用进展

中国海洋卫星及应用进展 Progress and prospect of Chinese ocean satellites 蒋兴伟 JIANG Xingwei 1 2 first-author 林明森 LIN Mingsen 1 2 张有广 ZHANG Youguang 1 2 国家海洋局空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室 国家海洋局空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室 Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application 国家卫星海洋应用中心 国家卫星海洋应用中心 National Satellite Ocean Application Service National Satellite Ocean Application Service 中国十分重视海洋遥感及其监测技术的发展,初步形成了具有优势互补的海洋遥感观测体系,并发挥了显著的经济和社会效益。其中,海洋一号（HY-1A/B）卫星已经广泛应用于中国海温预报业务系统、冬季海冰业务监测、夏季赤潮和绿潮监测、海岸带动态变化监测、近岸海水水质监测和渔业遥感监测等方面。海洋二号（HY-2A）卫星不仅填补了中国海洋动力环境卫星遥感的空白,也是目前国际上唯一在轨运行的集主被动微波遥感器于一身的综合型海洋动力环境卫星,具备同时获取风场、有效波高、海面高度和海面温度的能力。通过卫星获得的数据提高了中国海洋环境监测与灾害性海况预报的水平,为国民经济建设和国防建设、海洋科学研究、全球变化研究等提供了可靠的遥感数据,同时还在国际对地观测体系中发挥了重要作用,受到国内外用户的高度认可。海洋一号和海洋二号卫星系列为中国建立完善的海洋环境立体监测体系奠定了坚实基础。根据国家发展和"一带一路"建设的实施,在加快建设海洋强国、维护海洋权益和加快发展海洋经济的进程中对海洋遥感的发展也进一步提出了更高的要求和更紧迫的需求。为此,紧紧围绕国家海洋强国战略需求,在《国家民用空间基础设施中长期发展规划（2015年—2025年）》中专门规划了海洋观测卫星系列,服务于中国的海洋资源开发、环境保护、防灾减灾、权益维护、海域使用管理、海岛海岸带调查和极地大洋考察等方面,同时兼顾陆地和大气观测领域的需求。在充分继承已有HY-1A/B、HY-2A、高分三号（GF-3）和中法海洋卫星（CFOSAT）成功研制经验和应用成果的基础上,发展多种光学和微波遥感技术,建设新一代的海洋水色卫星和海洋动力环境卫星,具备卫星组网观测能力;发展海洋监视监测卫星,构建优势互补的海洋卫星综合观测体系。通过空间基础设施的建设,海洋遥感卫星必将在建设海洋强国的进程中发挥出重要作用。 China attaches great importance to the development of marine remote sensing and monitoring technology. The ocean remote sensing systems with complementary vantages offer significant economic and social benefits. HY-1A/B data have been widely used in seasurface temperature forecasting, sea ice operational monitoring in winter, red tide and green tide monitoring in summer, dynamic monitoring of coastal zones, coastal water quality monitoring, and fishery remote sensing. The HY-2A satellite fills the gaps of ocean dynamic environment satellite remote sensing and is the world’s only in-orbit comprehensive ocean dynamic environment satellite that carries active and passive microwave remote sensors. HY-2A can simultaneously obtain data on sea-surface wind field, significant wave height, sea surface height, and sea surface temperature. The effectiveness of ocean environment monitoring and catastrophic sea condition forecasting has been improved with the use of satellite data. Ocean satellites provide reliable remote sensing data to the national economy and defense construction, marine scientific research, and global change research. They also play an important role in the international Earth observation system and are highly recognized by domestic and foreign users.HY-1 and HY-2 series satellites lay a solid foundation for the establishment of a sound ocean environment stereo monitoring system in China. With national development and the implementation of "the Belt and Road" strategy in China, the construction of maritime power, the safeguarding of marine rights and interests, and the development of marine economy demand high requirements and emphasize the urgent need for ocean remote sensing. Therefore, the "Long-term Development Plan of Civil Space Infrastructure（2015—2025）" is focused on the national maritime power strategy and establishes the plan for the ocean satellite series. This development plan is aimed at supporting the areas of marine resource survey, environment protection, disaster prevention and reduction, rights and interests safeguarding, management of sea areas, island and coastal zone investigation, and the polar ocean expedition of China. Moreover, the requirements of land and atmosphere observations are taken into account. On the basis of the development experience and application achievement of HY-1A/B, HY-2A, GF-3, and CFOSAT, multiple optical and microwave remote sensing techniques are developed, a new generation of ocean color and ocean dynamic environment satellites is built for marine networking observation, and ocean monitoring satellites are improved to construct an integrated marine satellite monitoring system. Ocean remote sensing satellites will inevitably play an import role in the process of building maritime power through the construction of space infrastructure. 海洋遥感 水色卫星 动力环境卫星 监视监测卫星 观测体系 ocean remote sensing sea color satellite ocean dynamic environment satellite ocean monitoring satellite observation system P715.6 国家自然科学基金（编号:41476152,U1406404）~~ 2021-06-09 5 20