GNSS遥感研究与应用进展和展望

GNSS遥感研究与应用进展和展望 Overview and outlook of GNSS remote sensing technology and applications 万玮 WAN Wei 1 2 first-author 陈秀万 CHEN Xiuwan 3 彭学峰 PENG Xuefeng 3 白伟华 BAI Weihua 4 夏俊明 XIA Junming 4 梁宏 LIANG Hong 5 张学民 ZHANG Xuemin 6 熊攀 XIONG Pan 6 杨婷 YANG Ting 3 曹云昌 CAO Yunchang 5 尹聪 YIN Cong 5 赵利民 ZHAO Limin 7 8 洪阳 HONG Yang 1 2 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University 清华大学水利水电工程系 清华大学水利水电工程系 Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University 北京大学地球与空间科学学院 北京大学地球与空间科学学院 School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国气象局气象探测中心 中国气象局气象探测中心 Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration Meteorological Observation Center, China Meteorological Administration 中国地震局地震预测研究所 中国地震局地震预测研究所 Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration Institute of Earthquake Science, China Earthquake Administration 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所 Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS 国家航天局航天遥感论证中心 国家航天局航天遥感论证中心 The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration 全球导航卫星系统遥感（GNSS remote sensing）属卫星导航应用与遥感的一个交叉学科范畴。GNSS系统除传统的导航、定位、授时等功能外,可免费提供全球覆盖、高时间分辨率的L波段（1—2 GHz）微波信号用于遥感探测。继GNSS折射信号被率先用于地震、大气水汽等的探测以来,利用GNSS反射信号进行海洋、陆表参数估算,近年来成为国际GNSS应用研究前沿热点。随着中国自主北斗导航系统的蓬勃发展,将会为GNSS遥感带来新的发展契机和空间。本文从GNSS遥感的两个重要学科分支,即GNSS折射信号遥感（GNSS refractometry）和GNSS反射信号遥感GNSS-R（GNSS Reflectometry）,回顾在这一交叉学科领域近几十年的发展,并简要分析GNSS遥感发展面临的机遇与挑战。 The Global Navigation Satellite Systems（GNSSs）, including the United States Global Positioning System（GPS）, Russian GLONASS, the European Union’s Galileo, and China’s Bei Dou, provide L-band microwave signals with high temporal resolution. These systemshave extended the applications of the GNSS from positioning/navigation to remote sensing. Since the 1990 s, the versatile refracted GNSS signals have been successfully demonstrated to sound the ionosphere and troposphere. In the pasttwo decades, reflected signals,which involve making measurements of the reflections from the Earth, have shown theircapacity for earth observations over wateror land.On the basis of such background, GNSS remote sensing, as a hybrid of GNSS and remote sensing, has been developed over the years. The concepts of GNSS remote sensing can be summarized into two categories: GNSS refractometryand GNSS reflectometry（GNSS-R）. The applications of GNSS remote sensing involves atmospheric water vapor, seismo-ionospheric disturbances, oceans, lands, hydrology, and the cryosphere. To further promote the applications of the GNSS remote sensing technology in atmospheric, seismic, and water cycle studies,this review systematically introduces the international and domestic forefront of GNSS remote sensing technology and its applications, with a focus on GNSS/meteorology, GNSS ionospheric seismology, GNSS radio occultation, ocean observations, land applications, cryosphere applications,and missions of GNSS-R. We also discuss and provide an overview of the bottlenecks related to the further development of each branch of GNSS remote sensing. The next generations of GNSS systems, especially GPS III and Bei Dou II, are expected to show improved performance and offer excellentcapabilities to users around the globe. This study can provide references for the future development of GNSS remote sensing technologiesand otherrelated subjects. GNSS遥感 北斗 GPS GNSS-R GNSS remote sensing Beidou GPS GNSS-R P228.4 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（编号:41501360,41505030,41405039,41405040,41501402）;中国博士后科学基金（编号:2015M570109）;中国科学院青藏高原环境变化与地表过程重点试验室开放基金（编号:TEL201503）;中国气象局数值预报发展专项（编号:GRAPES）;中国地震局地震预测研究所基本科研业务费专项部门任务专项（编号:2016IES0306）;"中国大陆环境构造监测网络"工程项目;"十二五"民用航天预研项目资助~~ 2021-06-09 5 20