无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量及分布规律研究
Using UAV remote sensing to analyze the population and distribution of large wild herbivores
- 2018年22卷第3期 页码:497-507
纸质出版日期: 2018-5 ,
录用日期: 2018-1-13
DOI: 10.11834/jrs.20187267
扫 描 看 全 文
浏览全部资源
扫码关注微信
纸质出版日期: 2018-5 ,
录用日期: 2018-1-13
扫 描 看 全 文
邵全琴, 郭兴健, 李愈哲, 汪阳春, 王东亮, 刘纪远, 樊江文, 杨帆. 2018. 无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量及分布规律研究. 遥感学报, 22(3): 497–507
Shao Q Q, Guo X J, Li Y Z, Wang Y C, Wang D L, Liu J Y, Fan J W and Yang F. 2018. Using UAV remote sensing to analyze the population and distribution of large wild herbivores. Journal of Remote Sensing, 22(3): 497–507
以黄河源玛多县为研究区,利用无人机分别于2017年冬春季开展了航拍调查,航拍有效面积达326.6 km
2
,获取影像23784张,建立了藏野驴、藏原羚、岩羊等野生动物,以及牦牛、藏羊和马等家畜的无人机图像解译标志库。通过人机交互方式解译,获取调查样带内的种群数量:藏野驴的样带密度为1.15只/km
2
,藏原羚为0.61只/km
2
,岩羊为0.62只/km
2
,家养牦牛为4.12只/km
2
,家养藏羊为7.34只/km
2
,马为0.06只/km
2
。利用冷暖季草场的估算方法,通过地面同步调查验证、统计数据验证,估算出玛多县藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊,以及家牦牛、藏羊和马的种群数量为:藏野驴17109头,藏原羚15961只,岩羊9324只,牦牛70846头,藏羊102194只,马1156匹。大型野生食草动物藏野驴、藏原羚和岩羊总计8.57万羊单位;家畜藏羊、牦牛和马总计38.90万羊单位;大型野生食草动物和家畜总计47.5万羊单位。大型野生食草动物羊单位数量与家畜羊单位数量之比为1∶4.5。并分析了野生动物分布密度与栖息地生境因子的关系:藏野驴偏好选择高程4200—4400 m,坡度为2°—5°,离农村居民点距离1—2 km和4—5 km,离水源距离小于1 km,离公路距离2—3 km和4—5 km的范围内,草地盖度60—80%。藏原羚偏好选择高程4100—4200 m和4400—4500 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度80%以上,离农村居民点距离2—3 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离小于1—2 km和4—5 km的范围内。岩羊偏好选择高程4100—4200 m,坡度为大于5°,草地盖度较低,离农村居民点距离小于1 km,离水源距离小于1—2 km,离公路距离大于5 km的范围内。与传统的地面调查方法相比,基于无人机遥感的大型野生食草动物种群数量调查,具有快速、经济、可靠等优点,为今后野生动物调查提供了一种有效、可靠的技术途径。
We used Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to conduct aerial surveys in the winter/spring of 2017 to determine the number and distribution of large wild herbivores and their effects on grassland ecosystems in Maduo County on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau. The effective area of the aerial surveys was 326.6 km
2
and 23784 images were acquired. Interpretation tag libraries for UAV images were set up for wild animals
including Kiang
Tibetan gazelle
and blue sheep
and for livestock
such as yaks
Tibetan sheep
and horses. The population in the survey transect was obtained via the interpretation of human–computer interaction. Statistical methods based on cold- and warm-season grasslands for estimating densities and numbers were compared and verified using a synchronized ground survey and statistical data. The population estimates for kiang
Tibetan gazelle
blue sheep
domestic yak
Tibetan sheep
and horses were 17109
15961
9324
70846
102194
and 1156
respectively. The densities ranged from 1.15/km
2
for kiang
0.61/km
2
for Tibetan gazelle
and 0.62/km
2
for blue sheep to 7.34/km
2
for domestic sheep. The ratio of large wild herbivores in sheep units to livestock in sheep units was 1∶4.5. The relationship between the distribution density of wild animals and the ecological factors of the habitat was analyzed. Kiangs preferred elevations of 4200 m to 4400 m
slopes of 2° to 5°
and grass cover of 60% to 80%. Tibetan gazelles preferred elevations of 4100 m to 4200 m or 4400 m to 4500 m
slopes of more than 5°
and grass cover of more than 80%. Blue sheep preferred elevations of 4100 m to 4200 m
slopes of more than 5°
and low grass cover. All wild species preferred areas that were close to water and far from roads. Compared with traditional ground survey methods
UAV remote sensing surveys of large wild herbivore populations are fast
economical
and reliable
and they provide an effective means to survey wild animals in the future.
无人机遥感黄河源区大型野生食草动物种群数量分布规律
UAV remote sensingYellow River source arealarge wild herbivorespopulationdistribution patterns
邴龙飞, 邵全琴, 刘纪远. 2011. 近30年黄河源头土地覆被变化特征分析. 地球信息科学学报, 13(3): 289–296
Bing L F, Shao Q Q and Liu J Y. 2011. Characteristic of land cover changes in the Yellow River headwaters region over the past 30 years. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 13(3): 289–296 (
Cai H Y, Yang X H and Xu X L. 2015. Human-induced grassland degradation/restoration in the central Tibetan Plateau: the effects of ecological protection and restoration projects. Ecological Engineering, 83: 112–119
Carr N L, Rodgers A R, Kingston S R, Hettinga P N, Thompson L M, Renton H L and Wilson P J. 2012. Comparative woodland caribou population surveys in Slate Islands Provincial Park, Ontario. Rangifer, 32(20): 205–217
Chrétien L P, Théau J and Ménard P. 2016. Visible and thermal infrared remote sensing for the detection of white-tailed deer using an unmanned aerial system. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 40(1): 181–191
Fan J W, Shao Q Q, Liu J Y, Wang J B, Harris W, Chen Z Q, Zhong H P, Xu X L and Liu R G. 2010. Assessment of effects of climate change and grazing activity on grassland yield in the Three Rivers Headwaters Region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170(1/4): 571–584
樊江文, 邵全琴, 王军邦, 陈卓奇, 钟华平. 2011. 三江源草地载畜压力时空动态分析. 中国草地学报, 33(3): 64–72
Fan J W, Shao Q Q, Wang J B, Chen Z Q and Zhong H P. 2011. An analysis of temporal-spatial dynamics of grazing pressure on grassland in three rivers headwater region. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 33(3): 64–72 (
付梦娣, 田俊量, 朱彦鹏, 田瑜, 赵志平, 李俊生. 2017. 三江源国家公园功能分区与目标管理. 生物多样性, 25(1): 71–79
Fu M D, Tian J L, Zhu Y P, Tian Y, Zhao Z P and Li J S. 2017. Identification of functional zones and methods of target management in Sanjiangyuan National Park. Biodiversity Science, 25(1): 71–79 (
Georgiadis N J, Olwero J G N, Ojwang G and Romañach S S. 2007. Savanna herbivore dynamics in a livestock-dominated landscape: I. Dependence on land use, rainfall, density, and time. Biological Conservation, 137(3): 461–472
黄麟, 邵全琴, 刘纪远. 2011. 近30年来青海省三江源区草地的土壤侵蚀时空分析. 地球信息科学学报, 13(1): 12–21
Huang L, Shao Q Q and Liu J Y. 2011. Spatial-temporal analysis of soil erosion in grassland over the past three decades in Sanjiangyuan Region, Qinghai Province, China. Journal of Geo-Information Science, 13(1): 12–21 (
Ito T Y, Miura N, Lhagvasuren B, Enkhbileg D, Takatsuki S, Tsunekawa A and Jiang Z. 2006. Satellite tracking of Mongolian gazelles (Procapra gutturosa) and habitat shifts in their seasonal ranges. Journal of Zoology, 269(3): 291–298
Laca E A. 2009. New approaches and tools for grazing management. Rangeland Ecology and Management, 62(5): 407–417
Lechowicz M J. 1982. The sampling characteristics of electivity indices. Oecologia, 52(1): 22–30
李青丰. 2011. 草畜平衡管理系列研究(3)——草畜平衡核算方法改革. 草业科学, 28(12): 2190–2194
Li Q F. 2011. Series of studies on balance control between animal demanding and feed availability (3)——improvement of the current estimation methods for animal-feed balance. Pratacultural Science, 28(12): 2190–2194 (
李文娟, 九次力, 谭忠厚, 马轩龙, 陈全功. 2012. 青海省草地生产力及草畜平衡状况研究. 资源科学, 34(2): 367–372
Li W J, Jiu C L, Tan Z H, Ma X L and Chen Q G. 2012. Natural grassland productivity and the livestock-feeds balance in Qinghai Province. Resources Science, 34(2): 367–372 (
梁天刚, 冯琦胜, 夏文韬, 崔霞. 2011. 甘南牧区草畜平衡优化方案与管理决策. 生态学报, 31(4): 1111–1123
Liang T G, Feng Q S, Xia W T and Cui X. 2011. Optimization strategy and management decision-making in balancing forage and livestock in Gannan pastoral area. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31(4): 1111–1123 (
Liu J Y, Xu X L and Shao Q Q. 2008. Grassland degradation in the “Three-River Headwaters” region, Qinghai Province. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 18(3): 259–273
刘世梁, 赵海迪, 董世魁, 苏旭坤, 刘琦, 邓丽, 张翔. 2014. 基于SPOT NDVI的阿尔金山自然保护区植被动态变化研究. 干旱区研究, 31(5): 832–837
Liu S L, Zhao H D, Dong S K, Su X K, Liu Q, Deng L and Zhang X. 2014. Dynamic of vegetation in the Altun Mountain nature reserve based on SPOT NDVI. Arid Zone Research, 31(5): 832–837 (
刘振生, 王小明, 李志刚, 崔多英. 2008. 贺兰山岩羊(Pseudois nayaur)夏季取食和卧息生境选择. 生态学报, 28(9): 4277–4285
Liu Z S, Wang X M, Li Z G and Cui D Y. 2008. Summer feeding and bedding habitat selection by blue sheep (Pseudois nayaur) in Helan Mountains. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 28(9): 4277–4285 (
买小虎, 张玉娟, 张英俊, 师尚礼, 黄顶, 张亚军. 2013. 国内外草畜平衡研究进展. 中国农学通报, 29(20): 1–6
Mai X H, Zhang Y J, Zhang Y J, Shi S L, Huang D and Zhang Y J. 2013. Research progress of grassland feed-animal balance at home and abroad. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 29(20): 1–6 (
Munn A J, Kalkman L, Skeers P, Roberts J A, Bailey J and Dawson T J. 2016. Field metabolic rate, movement distance, and grazing pressures by western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus melanops) and Merino sheep (Ovis aries) in semi-arid Australia. Mammalian Biology-Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde, 81(4): 423–430
Ogutu J O, Owen-Smith N, Piepho H P and Said M Y. 2011. Continuing wildlife population declines and range contraction in the Mara region of Kenya during 1977-2009. Journal of Zoology, 285(2): 99–109
Ottichilo W K, De Leeuw J and Prins H H T. 2001. Population trends of resident wildebeest [Connochaetes taurinus hecki (Neumann)] and factors influencing them in the Masai Mara ecosystem, Kenya. Biological Conservation, 97(3): 271–282
Qi J G, Xin X P, John R, Groisman P and Chen J Q. 2017. Understanding livestock production and sustainability of grassland ecosystems in the Asian Dryland Belt. Ecological Processes, 6: 22
Shao Q Q, Cao W, Fan J W, Huang L and Xu X L. 2017. Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River source region, China. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 27(2): 183–204
邵全琴, 樊江文, 刘纪远, 黄麟, 曹巍, 刘璐璐. 2017. 基于目标的三江源生态保护和建设一期工程生态成效评估及政策建议. 中国科学院院刊, 32(1): 35–44
Shao Q Q, Fan J W, Liu J Y, Huang L, Cao W and Liu L L. 2017. Target-based assessment on effects of first-stage ecological conservation and restoration project in Three-River Source region, China and policy recommendations. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32(1): 35–44 (
邵全琴, 肖桐, 刘纪远, 齐永青. 2011. 三江源区典型高寒草甸土壤侵蚀的137Cs定量分析. 科学通报, 56(16): 1708–1713
Shao Q Q, Xiao T, Liu J Y and Qi Y Q. 2011. Soil erosion rates and characteristics of typical alpine meadow using 137Cs technique in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56(16): 1708–1713 (
国家林业局. 2009. 中国重点陆生野生动物资源调查. 北京: 中国林业出版社
State Forestry Administration. 2009. Investigation on key terrestrial wildlife resources in China. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House
Stoner C, Caro T, Mduma S, Mlingwa C, Sabuni G and Borner M. 2007. Assessment of effectiveness of protection strategies in Tanzania based on a decade of survey data for large herbivores. Conservation Biology, 21(3): 635–646
苏旭坤, 董世魁, 刘世梁, 刘颖慧, 石建斌, 吴娱, 张翔, 许东华. 2014. 阿尔金山自然保护区土地利用/覆被变化对藏野驴栖息地的影响. 生态学杂志, 33(1): 141–148
Su X K, Dong S K, Liu S L, Liu Y H, Shi J B, Wu Y, Zhang X and Xu D H. 2014. Effects of land use/land cover change (LUCC) on habitats of Tibetan wild donkey in Aerjin Mountain National Nature Reserve. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 33(1): 141–148 (
Vermeulen C, Lejeune P, Lisein J, Sawadogo P and Bouché P. 2013. Unmanned aerial survey of elephants. PLoS One, 8(2): e54700
Viña A, Bearer S, Zhang H M, Ouyang Z Y and Liu J G. 2008. Evaluating MODIS data for mapping wildlife habitat distribution. Remote Sensing of Environment, 112(5): 2160–2169
吴娱, 董世魁, 张相锋, 刘颖慧, 石建斌, 张翔, 苏旭坤, 王学霞, 李媛媛. 2014. 阿尔金山保护区藏野驴和野牦牛夏季生境选择分析. 动物学杂志, 49(3): 317–327
Wu Y, Dong S K, Zhang X F, Liu Y H, Shi J B, Zhang X, Su X K, Wang X X and Li Y Y. 2014. Summer habitat selection of the ungulates Equus kiang and Bos grunniens in Altun Mountain reserve. Chinese Journal of Zoology, 49(3): 317–327 (
徐斌, 杨秀春, 金云翔, 王道龙, 杨智, 李金亚, 刘海启, 于海达, 马海龙. 2012. 中国草原牧区和半牧区草畜平衡状况监测与评价. 地理研究, 31(11): 1998–2006
Xu B, Yang X C, Jin Y X, Wang D L, Yang Z, Li J Y, Liu H Q, Yu H D and Ma H L. 2012. Monitoring and evaluation of grassland-livestock balance in pastoral and semi-pastoral counties of China. Geographical Research, 31(11): 1998–2006 (
张帅, 邵全琴, 刘纪远, 徐新良. 2008. 黄河源区玛多县草地覆被变化分析. 资源科学, 30(10): 1547–1554
Zhang S, Shao Q Q, Liu J Y and Xu X L. 2008. Grassland cover change near the source of the Yellow River: case study of Madoi county, Qinghai Province. Resources Science, 30(10): 1547–1554 (
赵海迪, 刘世梁, 董世魁, 苏旭坤, 张翔. 2014. 基于植被覆盖度的藏羚羊栖息地时空变化研究. 生态学报, 34(12): 3285–3292
Zhao H D, Liu S L, Dong S K, Su X K and Zhang X. 2014. Study on spatio-temperal change of Tibetan Antelope’s habitat based on vegetation coverage. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(12): 3285–3292 (