基于神经网络的太赫兹冰云探测反演算法研究
Research on retrieval algorithm of terahertz ice cloud sounding based on neural network
- 2022年26卷第10期 页码：2043-2059
纸质出版日期： 2022-10-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210110
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摘要
太赫兹频段在冰云探测上具有独特优势，但是目前的太赫兹冰云反演算法将不同种类冰相粒子（主要是冰和霰）视为冰粒子统一计算。本文根据冰云太赫兹辐射特性实现了一种预分类的神经网络算法，能够从太赫兹亮温中分别反演得到冰、霰两种粒子的统计参数和廓线分布。首先，基于WRF数值模式和ATMS载荷真实观测的冰云霰数据构建了包含冰、霰粒子密度廓线的混合冰云数据库，然后，使用DOTLRT辐射传输模式模拟183 GHz、243 GHz、325 GHz、448 GHz、664 GHz和874 GHz这6个频段的星载太赫兹冰云探测亮温，最后，开展冰云参数探测仿真试验，验证反演算法性能。仿真试验中反演得到的冰和霰的路径总量均方根误差分别为8.97 g/m
2
和10.90 g/m
2
，等效粒径均方根误差分别为7.54 μm和25.38 μm，反演的冰、霰密度廓线也具有较高的精度。研究结果表明本文算法能够以较好的精度从多频太赫兹冰云探测亮温数据中分别反演得到冰、霰两种粒子的路径总量、等效粒径、等效云高和密度廓线，突破现有研究仅仅计算单一冰粒子的局限，更加符合冰云真实情况。
Abstract
Terahertz band has a number of potential advantages that complement existing visible and infrared techniques in ice cloud sounding application
but treating various phase ice particles (mainly ice and graupel) as single ice particles is a major limitation of current terahertz ice cloud retrieval algorithms. In this paper
a pre-classified neural network algorithm based on the terahertz radiation characteristics of ice cloud is proposed
which is able to retrieve the physical parameters of ice and graupel particles
respectively. The algorithm first uses a pre-classified neural network to retrieve the density profiles of graupel particles separately from the 183 GHz band brightness temperature data. The retrieved graupel profiles are then used as a priori constraint to calculate the higher frequency band brightness temperature difference due to ice particles only. Finally
another pre-classified neural network is used to retrieve the density profiles of ice particles separately from the preceding terahertz brightness temperature difference data. The proposed algorithm are evaluated through the end to end simulation experiments. Firstly
a hybrid ice cloud dataset including ice and graupel particle parameters is built based on the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model and the actual observation data. Then the synthetic ice cloud brightness temperature data from 183—874 GHz (i.e. 183 GHz
243 GHz
325 GHz
448 GHz
664 GHz and 874 GHz) are generated through Discrete-Ordinate Tangent Linear Radiative Transfer (DOTLRT) radiative transfer model with the hybrid ice cloud dataset. Finally
the parameters of ice and graupel are retrieved by the proposed algorithm from the simulated brightness temperature data
and compared with the input parameters to assess the retrieval accuracy. The simulation experiments show that the average Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) of the retrieved IWP and GWP are 8.97 g/m
2
and 10.90 g/m
2
respectively
and the average RMSE of the retrieved I_D
me
and G_D
me
are 7.54 μm and 25.38 μm respectively
and the average RMSE of the retrieved I_Z
me
and G_Z
me
are 309.21 m and 513.62 m respectively
and the retrieved density profiles of ice and graupel particles also have high accuracy. The results indicate that the proposed algorithm can retrieve the total path amount
equivalent ice particle size
and equivalent ice cloud height and density profile of ice and graupel particles respectively with high accuracy
which is more consist with the real condition of ice cloud than the current retrieval algorithm.
关键词
太赫兹冰云探测神经网络冰和霰粒子冰云参数反演
Keywords
terahertzice cloud soundingneural networkice and graupel particlesretrieval of ice cloud parameter
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中国科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学研究观测站
空间信息集成与3S工程应用北京市重点实验室 北京大学
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