收稿：2020-10-10，
纸质出版：2021-01-07
移动端阅览
海洋涡旋数量大、分布广、含能高、裹挟强，是研究物质循环、能量级联和圈层耦合的理想载体。对涡旋的全生命周期追踪观测成为21世纪以来海洋遥感领域最重要的进展之一，并引发了新一轮涡旋研究的热潮。本文从涡旋的温度异常、物质示踪、旋转流场和闭合拓扑等特征出发，简述了红外辐射计、可见光扫描仪、微波高度计、合成孔径雷达等遥感技术在涡旋观测中的机理和方法，重点阐述了卫星高度计涡旋识别与追踪算法及其在涡旋形态学、运动学和动力学中的应用。基于虚拟星座下的多参数遥感，介绍了涡旋在海洋、大气、生态等交叉学科领域的前沿应用和最新进展。指出当前涡旋遥感发展面临的亚中尺度、垂直结构、跨学科研究等3大挑战，展望了新一代遥感技术在未来海洋科学特别是涡旋海洋学研究中的应用前景。
Oceanic eddies are known for their massive quantity
broad distribution
high energy
and strong entrainment
and are therefore an ideal proxy for studying substance cycling
energy cascade
and multi-sphere coupling in the ocean. Tracking of mesoscale eddies for their entire lifetimes is one of the most significant advances in ocean remote sensing during the first two decades of the 21st century
leading to a new wave of active eddy research. The principles and methodologies for remote sensing of oceanic eddies by infrared radiometer
optical scanner
microwave altimeter
and synthetic aperture radar based on their temperature anomaly
substance tracer
swirling flow
and enclosed topology are briefly described. In particular
the algorithms for eddy identification and tracking
as well as their applications to eddy morphology
kinematics
and dynamics are highlighted. Firstly
the eddy identification methods based on infrared remote sensing technology are described multistage. From the early stage of visual decipherment relying on human eye recognition to automatic interpretation stage represented by edge detection algorithms
feature extraction algorithms and isotherm algorithms
then to the intelligent analysis stage based on artificial intelligence technology. It is pointed out the important leading role infrared remote sensing plays
as the first remote sensing technology applied to ocean eddy detection. Secondly
based on the development stage of ocean color satellite
this paper divides it into early exploration stage and extensive application stage
and carries out a enumeration from the perspective of time
space and ecology to illustrate the irreplaceable advantages of ocean color remote sensing in the study of ocean eddies. Thirdly
the eddy identification algorithms of satellite altimeter
such as the
OW
(Okubo-Weiss) based method
the winding angle methods
the flow direction based methods
sea surface height based methods and the Lagrange-coherent-structures methods
and the tracking algorithm represented by the nearest neighbor methods
the similarity methods and the pixel connectivity methods are described; and the application of satellite altimeter in eddy morphology
kinematics and dynamics is supplemented. By comparing the results of different identification and tracking algorithms
their respective characteristics and diversities are described. It is pointed out that the satellite altimeter technology is widely used in eddy research
and the applications of satellite altimeter in eddy morphology
kinematics and dynamics are described systematically. Meanwhile
the role of Synthetic Aperture Radar in the study of ocean eddy is no negligible
its common tracer observation
flow field retrieval and intelligent mining methods are also mentioned in this paper. Theapplication in recent years show that it has more advantages in small scale detectionand expose the structure detail of eddies. In addition
eddy-related research frontiers and corresponding latest advances involving multiple disciplines of the oceanic
atmospheric
and ecological sciences are outlined from a virtual satellite constellation perspective
especially the important influence of eddies on primary and secondary productivity. Finally
three major challenges in eddy remote sensing
i.e.
submesoscale resolving
vertical profiling
and interdisciplinary investigation
are addressed with an outlook of applying next generation remote sensing technology to future marine science and eddy oceanography.
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