移动地理信息系统技术发展的3个时代

乔彦友; 常原飞

doi:10.11834/jrs.20210428

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专辑

移动地理信息系统技术发展的3个时代
Three development stages of mobile geographic information system technology
2022年26卷第12期页码：2399-2410
收稿：2020-10-21，

纸质出版：2022-12-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210428
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

乔彦友，常原飞.2022.移动地理信息系统技术发展的3个时代.遥感学报，26（12）： 2399-2410 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210428.

Qiao Y Y and Chang Y F.2022.Three development stages of mobile geographic information system technology. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 26（12）：2399-2410 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210428.

摘要

为了明晰的理清移动地理信息系统技术发展脉络，本文简述了信息技术变革是如何推动该技术向嵌入式时代、移动互联网时代、智能物联网时代不断演变，并依次分析了每个时代的技术架构及其典型应用，在此基础上提出了集成全球导航定位、5G、人工智能和计算机视觉等信息技术于一体的新一代移动地理信息系统概念，分析了其具备的泛在化、实时化、智能化特征，论述了支撑3大特征的跨平台内核、同步定位与全息高精度导航地图、语义地图和智能决策3种核心技术，总结其发展和应用的变化趋势，对后续移动GIS的发展有一定的指导意义。

Abstract

The development of Mobile Geographic Information System (MGIS)

which is driven by the change of information technology

is clarified and divided into three eras in this work: embedded

mobile Internet

and intelligent Internet Of Things (IOT) era.

At the end of 1990s

with the completion of Global Positioning System (GPS) deployment in the United States

the functions related to information acquisition of desktop GIS system were transplanted to Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and other embedded devices to facilitate field data acquisition. MGIS entered the “embedded era” combined with GPS. In this period

the stand-alone version of MGIS has been successfully applied in the field data collection of land

forestry

surveying

mapping

and other industries. Although MGIS had some online functions at that time

the bandwidth of mobile network was not enough to support high-frequency network GIS services.

MGIS has gradually entered the “mobile Internet era” with the rise of 3G/4G and other broadband mobile networks and the popularity of intelligent mobile terminals (especially Android mobile phones). In this period

the core module of MGIS was translated from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to wireless communication network. The most typical applications in this era are the map APP developed by Google

Baidu

and other electronic map service providers and its related location-based services APP. At this time

MGIS has extended to the entire geographic information industry chains

involving data collection

data processing

platform software

industry applications

etc. “Cloud+End” constitutes a new ecosystem of geographic information. However

due to the problems of cloud computing

such as less real-time

insufficient bandwidth

and large energy consumption

which are not conducive to data security and privacy

MGIS in this era is still in the traditional artificial ground operation stage

making real-time spatial analysis

target recognition

and other intelligent processing difficult.

The MGIS technology gradually enters the “intelligent IOT era” around 2019 with the ubiquitous development of IOT

especially the development of Computer Vision (CV)

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

5G mobile communication

edge computing

and other technologies. The main technical features of this stage are intelligent

real-time

and ubiquitous GIS

and the system architecture evolves into “cloud+edge+end”. In this era

everyone is a sensor and plotter. A large number of intelligent sensors

such as cameras and radars integrated on ground mobile platforms (wearable devices

vehicles

etc.) and air mobile platforms (unmanned aerial vehicles

etc.) have emerged

which can help us locate and provide holographic map information

such as acoustic-optic-magnetic information. These IOT terminals can be used as carriers of MGIS. The massive raw data of the collected images

videos

locations

and other data are no longer uploaded to the cloud

but are analyzed and processed in real time by AI and other technologies on the network edge devices. Only the results are transmitted to the cloud. This mode greatly reduces the pressure of network bandwidth

data center power consumption

and system delay and enhances the service response ability. Furthermore

the risk of network data leakage is greatly reduced

and user data security and privacy are protected because users no longer upload privacy or sensitive data (only stored on network edge devices).

On this basis

a new generation of MGIS is proposed

which integrates GNSS

and other information technologies. The ubiquitous

real-time

and intelligent features of this technology are analyzed

and three core technologies

including cross-platform kernel

simultaneous localization and mapping

pan-information-based high-precision navigation map

semantic map

and intelligent decision-making

are discussed. The development trend and direction are also predicted.

关键词

Keywords

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