面向地球固体潮广域观测的空间技术发展综合分析

吴凯; 纪策; 骆磊; 王心源

doi:10.11834/jrs.20210553

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面向地球固体潮广域观测的空间技术发展综合分析
Comprehensive analysis of wide-area observation development for solid earth tides by space technology
2023年27卷第10期页码：2395-2405
纸质出版日期： 2023-10-07 ，
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210553

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吴凯，纪策，骆磊，王心源.2023.面向地球固体潮广域观测的空间技术发展综合分析.遥感学报，27（10）： 2395-2405

Wu K，Ji C，Luo L and Wang X Y. 2023. Comprehensive analysis of wide-area observation development for solid earth tides by space technology. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 27（10）：2395-2405
吴凯，纪策，骆磊，王心源.2023.面向地球固体潮广域观测的空间技术发展综合分析.遥感学报，27（10）： 2395-2405 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210553.

Wu K，Ji C，Luo L and Wang X Y. 2023. Comprehensive analysis of wide-area observation development for solid earth tides by space technology. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 27（10）：2395-2405 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20210553.

摘要

地球固体潮的观测和研究一直是地球科学研究的重点内容。地面台站分布稀疏且不均匀，且不同台站的观测结果受局地环境影响，难以实现大尺度时间一致空间连续的固体潮观测，固体潮广域观测需要依赖空间技术的发展。本文通过理论模型模拟得到了固体潮全球尺度下的时空分布特征，并从这些特征出发讨论了与固体潮观测相匹配的空间技术，主要包括重力卫星数据解算时变地球重力场能力以及InSAR技术的广域地面点位移监测能力。然后就InSAR技术在时间基线和测绘带宽度上的需求，对低轨、倾斜同步卫星轨道、月基3种对地观测平台进行模拟，定性和定量地对比分析了各平台的优势与不足。结果表明，新一代重力卫星组网和新的遥感对地观测概念平台均具备固体潮广域观测潜力，其中月基InSAR可以发展成为最理想手段，各类空间技术的发展可以为月基平台失相干时段提供一定补充，实现优势互补。

Abstract

The observation and research for solid earth tides (SETs)

which have always been the focus of earth science

can provide an important basis for understanding the structure of the earth’s interior. However

unavoidable limitations exist when observations are operated to capture the global-scale SET information only with ground instruments. At present

the distribution of ground stations is sparse and uneven. Moreover

the observations of different stations are affected by the local environment. Thus

achieving large-scale

time-consistent

and space-continuous SET observation is difficult. SET observation must rely on the development of space technology. In this study

the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the SET are obtained using the theoretical model. This model considers the earth’s ellipticity

rotation

inelasticity of the mantle

nonhydrostatic equilibrium

and lateral inhomogeneity. Combined with the lunar ephemeris

the space–time coordinate system and the influence factors

such as precession

polar shift

nutation

and lunar libration

are considered. After the optimization of the model accuracy and efficiency

the theoretical model of the millimeter accuracy is obtained. Based on these characteristics

the macroscopic observation potential of space technology is discussed. It mainly includes the wide-area displacement monitoring ability by combining InSAR technology and ranging technologies

such as GNSS

VLBI

and SLR. The time-varying gravity acquisition ability solved from the gravity satellite data is also included. According to the requirements of InSAR technology on time baseline and swath width

three kinds of platforms

namely

low Earth orbit satellite

inclined geosynchronous satellite

and moon-based platform

are simulated. The advantages and disadvantages of various platforms are also analyzed. Results showed that the network of new gravity satellites and the new conceptual platform of remote sensing have the macro-observation potential for SETs. Compared with inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit

the moon-based platform can easily design the SAR system. The moon-based SAR has long service life and small orbit error. Given the change in declination

the moon-based platform can realize global continuous angle observation. It can also extract high-precision horizontal displacement from the deformation in line of sight. The multiangle observation area of the inclined geosynchronous satellite orbit is only one-third of that of the moon-based platform. Moreover

the land area corresponding to the ascending and descending nodes for inclined geosynchronous satellites has an inherent blind area. As the main force source of SETs

the moon can be used to separate the coupled solar and lunar tides. Given the observation effect and platform characteristics

the moon-based platform can become the best platform for earth tide observation if a series of key problems related to lunar landing

such as energy supply

temperature control

data transmission

material transportation

and dust environment

are solved. Given the cooperation of multiple platforms

the macro-observation of the earth tide in most areas can be realized with a temporal resolution lower than 1 day. Moreover

space technology development can supplement the spatial decorrelation period of the moon-based platform and realize complementary advantages.

关键词

地球固体潮空间技术轨道星历广域观测地球科学

Keywords

solid earth tidesspace technologyorbit ephemeriswide-area observationearth science

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