中国卫星遥感地表水资源监测能力分析与展望

李欢; 万玮; 冀锐; 李国元; 陈晓娜; 朱思宇; 刘宝剑; 徐玥; 罗增良; 王胜蕾; 崔要奎

doi:10.11834/jrs.20220576

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中国卫星遥感地表水资源监测能力分析与展望
Inspects and prospects of satellite remote sensing monitoring ability for land surface water in China
2023年27卷第7期页码：1554-1573
收稿：2020-12-31，

纸质出版：2023-07-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220576
稿件说明：

移动端阅览

李欢，万玮，冀锐，李国元，陈晓娜，朱思宇，刘宝剑，徐玥，罗增良，王胜蕾，崔要奎.2023.中国卫星遥感地表水资源监测能力分析与展望.遥感学报，27（7）： 1554-1573 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220576.

Li H，Wan W，Ji R，Li G Y，Chen X N，Zhu S Y，Liu B J，Xu Y，Luo Z L，Wang S L and Cui Y K. 2023. Inspects and prospects of satellite remote sensing monitoring ability for land surface water in China. National Remote Sensing Bulletin，27（7）：1554-1573 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20220576.

摘要

在中国自然资源部水资源调查与确权登记的职能需求之下，面向中国“十四五”及二零三五年远景卫星发展规划，亟需厘清水资源属性卫星遥感监测国内外发展现状，并进一步剖析中国卫星地表水资源监测能力。本文在对国内外多种类型卫星（包括光学、激光、雷达、重力、GNSS-R等）水资源监测能力及属性反演前沿技术（以地表固液态水的范围、水位、体积变化等为主）进行总结分析的基础上，针对中国地表水资源卫星遥感监测的现状和不足，从观测体系、技术体系、产品体系和服务体系4个方面提出未来卫星遥感地表水资源监测规划设计建议。

Abstract

We investigate the worldwide monitoring of land surface water by satellite remote sensing and the corresponding ability of Chinese satellites for the 14th five-year plan under the general goals of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China to plan for the new generation of satellites for water resource monitoring. First

this work reviews the current status of the water resource monitoring by the Chinese and international satellites from several perspectives

including liquid surface water (water extent

water level

water volume

water temperature

and water quality)

solid surface water (glacier

snow

and frozen ground)

and water vapor in the atmosphere. Then

the capability of land natural resources satellites for land surface water monitoring is inspected. Afterward

the ability of water resources monitoring with various types of remote sensing satellites

including optical

laser

RADAR

and gravity satellites

is summarized and analyzed. Advice and suggestions for Chinese satellite planning of water resources monitoring are proposed by concentrating on the current status and the shortage of water resource monitoring with satellite remote sensing in China. The advice and suggestions include planning the observation

technique

product

and service systems. First

a new generation of cloud water resources monitoring satellites combining infrared and active/passive microwaves is recommended to be developed for the observation system. Moreover

the evolution of radar satellites should be accelerated to make up for the deficiency of optical satellites. Altimetry satellites and gravity satellites must be vigorously cultivated. Furthermore

small satellite constellations for water resources monitoring integrating satellite “communication-navigation-remote sensing” should be promoted. Advanced thermal infrared and hyperspectral satellites with strong temporal and spatial resolution are also recommended to be developed. Second

for the technique system

exploring general remote sensing data processing technologies

including data correction/splicing technology and multisensor data fusion technology

are recommended to improve the quality of domestic satellite data for operational water resources monitoring. Moreover

water resource element extraction/retrieval models must be promoted. The techniques for high-quality long-term water resource products should be also developed. Finally

for the service system

providing a dataset-sharing service of the long-term global water cycle flux and storage elements with high spatiotemporal granularity is recommended. Moreover

the overall development of Chinese satellites for water resources monitoring has started from scratch toward boosting

and these natural resource satellites have basic capabilities for water resources survey. Natural resources satellite datasets are abundant. However

nationwide long-term series of water resources data mainly based on domestically made satellites remain lacking. This gap can be improved from two perspectives.

Developing operational natural resources retrieval models from the data perspective following the scientific concept of “remote sensing big data + artificial intelligence” is necessary for timely acquisition

processing

distribution

and providing service while ensuring the stability of satellite remote sensing data. It can realize all-time

all-weather

and all-element satellite remote sensing monitoring for natural resources based on cloud services. From the satellite perspective

the next step for on-orbit satellites is to produce application-oriented operational water resource element products

combining multisource satellite data on the premise of improving satellite data quality. For satellites under planning

relevant departments should work closely to establish goals with different priorities under the guidance of scientific and application issues and full consideration of costs.

关键词

Keywords

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