无人机多光谱和LiDAR的红树林精细识别与生物量估算

吴培强; 任广波; 张程飞; 王浩; 刘善伟; 马毅

doi:10.11834/jrs.20221484

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无人机多光谱和LiDAR的红树林精细识别与生物量估算
Fine identification and biomass estimation of mangroves based on UAV multispectral and LiDAR
2022年26卷第6期页码：1169-1181
收稿：2021-07-14，

纸质出版：2022-06-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221484
稿件说明：

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吴培强，任广波，张程飞，王浩，刘善伟，马毅.2022.无人机多光谱和LiDAR的红树林精细识别与生物量估算.遥感学报，26（6）： 1169-1181 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221484.

Wu P Q，Ren G B，Zhang C F，Wang H，Liu S W and Ma Y. 2022. Fine identification and biomass estimation of mangroves based on UAV multispectral and LiDAR. National Remote Sensing Bulletin， 26（6）：1169-1181 DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221484.

摘要

红树林是生长在热带和亚热带海岸潮间带、受到海水周期性浸淹的木本植物群落，被公认为是海陆边缘重要的蓝色碳汇，但由于其地处海岸带区域，受人类开发利用活动的影响严重。本文选择广西茅尾海红树林保护区为研究区，以无人机多光谱和激光雷达影像为数据源，利用支持向量机分类方法对红树林优势种类进行分类；提出了单木分层分区距离判别聚类分割方法，准确提取了红树林的单木结构信息；估算了研究区红树林地上生物量。得出以下结论：（1）综合利用无人机多光谱和激光雷达数据，对研究区红树林种间类型识别总体精度可达90.69%；（2）基于分层分区距离判别聚类方法能够较好的提取红树林单木结构特征，树高的提取精度优于冠幅；（3）构建了红树林高度、冠幅与地上生物量回归模型，其中桐花树生物量回归模型的决定系数

²最高，达0.83；（4）研究区内红树林地上生物量主要分布范围为1.24—3.6 kg/m

，其中无瓣海桑最高，老鼠簕最低。

Abstract

Mangroves are special types of woody plants that grow exclusively in the intertidal zones of the tropics and the subtropics. With respect to environmental and ecological values

mangroves protect the shoreline from tides

winds

and storms and act as the first line of defense against extreme weather in coastal areas. Moreover

mangroves have a continuous carbon fixation capacity

which is much higher than those of peat swamp and coastal salt marsh. Mangroves are an important part of the earth carbon cycle system and considered an important blue carbon sink on the sea and land margin. However

mangrove habitat is threatened all over the world due to human development and utilization activities. Therefore

monitoring the spatial distribution of mangrove types and biomass will help guide policy-makers in taking effective utilization and protection measures.

In this paper

on the basis of UAV multispectral images and LiDAR point cloud data

the support vector machine classification method is used for mangrove identification. Furthermore

mangrove species are distinguished according to different heights and distribution areas using the elevation information in the UAV LiDAR point cloud data. The structure characteristics of mangrove single wood are extracted by the point-cloud-based cluster segmentation method

and an estimation model of the tree height

canopy

and aboveground biomass obtained by LiDAR remote sensing is constructed

Finally

the aboveground biomass of mangrove in the study area is calculated

and its spatial distribution information is analyzed.

The classification result of the species types of mangroves

which is combined with the multi spectrum and LiDAR point cloud data

can reach 90.69% in total accuracy. The kappa coefficient is 0.88. The accuracies of the algorithm in identifying single trees of

Kandelia candel

and

Aegiceras corniculata

are 86.71% and 60.21%

respectively. Among them

the middle errors of the heights of

K. candel

and

A. corniculata

are 0.36 and 0.18 m

respectively

and the crown width extraction precision of

K. candel

is higher than that of

A. corniculata

. The regression models of the aboveground biomass of

K. candel

and

A. corniculata

are constructed. The accuracy of the fusion model is the highest

and the respective decision coefficients (

²) are 0.678 and 0.832 for

K. candel

and

A. corniculata

Mangroves are mostly planted artificially in the study area and distributed in a belt perpendicular to the dam:

K. candel

—

Cyperus malaccensis

Lam. and

Acanthus ilicifolius

L. —

A. corniculata

. The area of

A. corniculata

is the largest

which is approximately 8.91 hm

and distributed on both sides of the tidal ditch far from the dam. The area of

K. candel

is 4.69 hm

which is distributed in the area near the dam.

C. malaccensis

Lam. and

A. ilicifolius

L. are scattered in small areas among the different types of objects. The aboveground biomass of mangrove is calculated by the estimation model of above ground biomass. The aboveground biomass follows the order

Sonneratia apetala

A. corniculata

C. malaccensis

Lam.

K. candel > A. ilicifolius

The distribution range of mangrove’s aboveground biomass is 1.24—3.6 kg/m

关键词

Keywords

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