微波湿度计条带噪声的分析与抑制方法研究
Striping noise analysis and mitigation for microwave humidity sounder
- 2023年27卷第10期 页码：2318-2326
纸质出版日期： 2023-10-07
DOI： 10.11834/jrs.20221660
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摘要
本文基于主成分分析PCA（Principal Components Analysis）和集合经验模态分解EEMD（Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition）降噪的基本思想，利用改进的自适应噪声总体集合经验模态分解ICEEMDAN（Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition With Adaptive Noise）对原EEMD的条带降噪方法进行了修改，并利用该方法对风云三号C星、D星（FY-3C、FY-3D）微波湿度计（MWHS-2）实际观测亮温中的条带噪声进行了分析。其中主成分分析对数据进行降维，得到各扫描线的主成分分量，模态分解方法分解对应分量，利用各模态能量密度的差异提取出其中的噪声并去除，随后组合剩余模态重构出观测亮温，实现噪声的抑制。通过对原始算法和各类改进后的模态分解方法降噪效果的对比，结果表明使用ICEEMDAN可有效避免EEMD中残余噪声等问题，减少重构误差。数值分析结果表明，改进后的方法使方差进一步降低0.020 K
2
，信噪比提升0.031 dB，进一步提升了算法的降噪能力。
Abstract
Noise analysis and mitigation play an important role in meteorological satellite data processing. This study is based on the idea of noise mitigation by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) algorithm
and improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN). The modified method is used to observe data of the microwave humidity sounder (MWHS-2) of the Fengyun-3C and 3D satellites (FY-3C
FY-3D) to analyze the striping noise in its observed brightness temperature. In this study
the effectiveness of this method for MWHS-2 data is confirmed
and a performance analysis of the improved method for data processing and noise mitigation is conducted.
The striping noise has a very high correlation with scan line; thus
using PCA can not only effectively isolate the noise-related principal components
but also reduce the dimension of the processed data. When the noise containing principal components is extracted
the empirical mode decomposition method can be used to adaptively separate each component into multiple modes with different frequencies. The noise can be easily separated from the signal by a method that calculates and compares the average period and energy density by using the differences in energy between noise and signal modes. Finally
the remaining modes are combined to reconstruct the principal components
which reconstruct the observed brightness temperature data.
When this method is applied to the MWHS-2 data
we used the hourly global reanalysis data of ERA5 with RTTOV model to generate the simulated brightness temperature data and compared with the observed brightness temperature before and after processing. The result shows that the algorithm successfully extracts the striping noise in the signal
and the noise histogram exhibits a Gaussian distribution. The noise mitigation effect between the original EEMD algorithm and various improved mode decomposition methods is compared
and the results show that the use of ICEEMDAN can effectively avoid some problems in EEMD
such as the residue noise
and can reduce reconstruction errors. Numerical analysis results show that compared with the EEMD method
this improved method further reduces the variance by 0.020 K
2
and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) increases by 0.031 dB
which further improves the noise mitigation capability of the algorithm.
PCA combined with ensemble empirical mode decomposition can effectively mitigate the striping noise. Although the mode decomposition method is affected by some of its own properties and has certain limitations in accuracy
it has a more convenient operation and higher adaptability. Moreover
the test result shows that this method can achieve satisfactory results. The improvement using ICEEMDAN and calculating the energy density with average period can also be helpful to noise analysis and mitigation and can enhance the reconstruction accuracy. This condition may have certain value for the further improvement of noise reduction algorithm and may improve the accuracy of meteorological data analysis and forecasting.
关键词
风云三号MWHS-2微波辐射测量数据处理降噪PCA经验模态分解条带噪声
Keywords
FY-3MWHS-2microwave radiation measurementdata processingnoise mitigationPCAempirical mode decompositionStriping Noise
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国家卫星气象中心
河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院
中国海洋大学 信息科学与工程学院海洋技术系
青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室 区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室
国家卫星气象中心
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